Levonorgestrel is a synthetic hormone used in various forms of birth control, including emergency contraception, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and birth control pills. It is a progestin, which means it is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring hormone progesterone. Levonorgestrel works by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to block sperm, and altering the uterine lining to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg.
Mechanism of Action
Levonorgestrel operates by:
Preventing ovulation: It stops the ovary from releasing an egg, thereby preventing fertilization.
Thickening cervical mucus: This makes it harder for sperm to enter the uterus.
Altering the uterine lining: It makes it less suitable for a fertilized egg to implant and develop.
Common Uses
Emergency contraception: Taken after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure to prevent pregnancy.
Regular birth control: Included in some birth control pills and used in IUDs for long-term pregnancy prevention.
Menstrual cycle regulation: Can be used to regulate periods and reduce menstrual cramps.
Dosage Instructions
For emergency contraception, levonorgestrel should be taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse, ideally within 12 to 72 hours. The typical dosage is a single tablet of 1.5 mg. When used in birth control pills or IUDs, the dosage and administration will depend on the specific product and should be directed by a healthcare provider.
Benefits
Highly effective when used as directed for preventing pregnancy.
Accessible as emergency contraception without a prescription in many countries.
Versatile, with uses in both emergency contraception and long-term birth control.
Potential Side Effects
While levonorgestrel is safe for most women, some may experience side effects, including:
Nausea and vomiting.
Fatigue.
Headache.
Dizziness.
Breast tenderness.
Long-term use, especially in the case of IUDs, may have additional considerations, so it's important to discuss these with a healthcare provider.
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